What Is Gum Disease and How Can You Prevent It?

Gum disease is one of the most common oral health conditions — and often goes unnoticed until it becomes serious.

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease (periodontal disease) is caused by plaque bacteria irritating the gums.

It develops in stages:

  • Gingivitis – early stage (reversible)

  • Periodontitis – advanced stage (can lead to tooth loss)

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Signs to Watch For

  • Bleeding when brushing

  • Red or swollen gums

  • Bad breath

  • Gum recession

If left untreated, gum disease can damage the bone supporting your teeth.

How to Prevent Gum Disease

Prevention is straightforward but requires consistency:

  • Brush twice daily

  • Clean between your teeth (floss/interdental brushes)

  • Visit a Hygienist regularly

  • Avoid smoking

graphic showing three stages of gum disease from healthy to periodontitis

Professional Care Is Key

Even with good home care and a great oral health regime, plaque can build up in hard-to-reach areas. Regular dental hygiene visits remove this and help keep your gums healthy.

Why Early Treatment Matters

Gingivitis can be reversed, but once it progresses to periodontitis, it can only be managed, not cured.

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FAQs

  • No - bleeding gums are usually a sign of inflammation or gum disease. You should see a Dentist or Dental Hygienist as soon as you can.

  • No, like the vast majority of dental issues they can never self heal - they tend to only get worse. Gum disease requires proper cleaning and professional care.

  • Yes - there are links, but not always. Gum disease has, for example, been linked to heart disease and diabetes.

More FAQs here.